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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and high mortality in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 is known to be bidirectional. Aim: To analyze the rate of new-onset diabetes in COVID-19 patients and asses the clinical outcomes of new-onset diabetes and hyperglycemia among COVID-19 patients Methods: This cross sectional study was enrolled individuals admitted with COVID-19 and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. (DM);based on laboratory diagnoses. Results: Analysis showed that 13.7% (84/610) of COVID-19 patients had newly diagnosed DM. Majority of the newly diagnosed diabetic patient was male (58.3%), most of them (33.3%) were 51-60 year age group. Higher incidence of DM was reported in urban population (54.8%). The significant risk factors of diabetes were found family history of diabetes, (53.6%) and obesity (72.6%). Hypertension was the most common (61.7%) comorbidity associated with the DM. Conclusions: Diabetes diagnosed at COVID-19 presentation is associated with lower glucose but higher inflammatory markers and ICU admission, suggesting stress hyperglycemia as a major physiologic mechanism.
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Background: Most common cardio vascular disease events after COVID-19 were hypertension, pulmonary embolism, acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, stress-Cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, carcinogenic shock, and cardiac arrest. Aim: To evaluate cardio vascular disease events in patients recovered from COVID-19 in central Indian population Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in the department of medicine in a tertiary care hospital, central India. Asses all the participants for post covid cardio vascular events, detailed history, clinical examination and all necessary investigation was done Results: in our study Post COVID 19 cardio vascular events was occur in 17.6%. Majority of the patient was male (69.3%), most common age group were 51-60 years. Higher incidence of cardio vascular disease was reported in obese person. Common cardio vascular diseases found after COVID 19 infection were, hypertension (35.3%), pulmonary embolism (23.5%), Myocarditis (20.6%), myocardial infection (11.8%) and Arrhythmias were in 8.8% cases. Conclusion: Overall observations indicate an increased incidence of hypertension and CVDs post recovery from COVID-19. A dual therapy of ARBs was the preferred choice for management of hypertension. Regular follow-up and close monitoring of symptoms to prevent further CV complications in COVID-19 recovered patients is recommended.
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Aims: Medical students belong to frontline health care providers of future. Risk of COVID 19 exposure is more among medical students, and COVID 19 vaccination plays very crucial role for controlling COVID 19 pandemic. Hence, this study was planned with the objective to evaluate attitude of medical students towards COVID 19 pandemic and their vaccination status. Material(s) and Method(s): We conducted an online web-based survey among medical students of Madhya Pradesh, India. Online Google form-based Questionnaire was sent through WhatsApp groups, and responses were collected and analysed. Voluntary consent was obtained through from all the participants. Finding(s): A total of 516 medical students from different medical colleges of Madhya Pradesh voluntary participated in this study. Out of that majority of the participants were in 18-20 years' age groups, unmarried and belonged to rural areas. Most of them were worried about their MBBS studies due to COVID 19 pandemic. 71% of the medical students received two doses of the COVID 19 vaccination till 15the August, 2021. Conclusion(s): Medical students of Madhya Pradesh are worried about their MBBS course completion, examination and education shift towards online due to COVID 19 pandemic. There is a need of psychological counselling and awareness program regarding vaccination among medical students. Copyright © 2023, Dr Yashwant Research Labs Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Background: Mental health problems significantly increased worldwide during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. At the early stage of the outbreak, the government of Madhya Pradesh imposed lockdown and quarantine approaches to prevent the spread of the virus, which impacted people's daily life and health. The COVID-19 pandemic has also affected people's economic status, healthcare facilities and other lifestyle factors in Madhya Pradesh. Aim(s): The aim of the study to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among the population of Madhya Pradesh. Methods and Materials: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 individuals of central India, aged between 15 and 65 years from the duration of 15 April to 10 May 2020. After obtaining electronic consent, thesurvey was conducted assessing individual's sociodemographic profiles and psychometric measures. Result(s): The prevalence of loneliness, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance was estimated at 71% (mild: 32%, moderate: 29%, severe: 10%), 38% (mild: 24%, moderate: 11%, severe: 3%), 64% (mild: 30%, moderate: 17%, severe: 17%) and 73% (mild: 50%, moderate: 18%, severe: 5%), respectively. Conclusion(s): A large portion of respondents reported mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh. The present study suggests longitudinal assessments of mental health among Madhya Pradesh people to determine the gravity of the problem during and after the pandemic. Appropriate supportive programmes and interventional approaches would address mental health problems in Madhya Pradesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022, Dr Yashwant Research Labs Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Background: The immune system defends the host against many harmful microorganisms. The immune system has developed to contain various specialized cell types, signaling molecules, and functional responses to deal with this wide range of threats. In Covid-19 infections immune system is the key component for prevention of the disease. Hospital admission and duration of stay due to covid 19 infection have a considerable physical, financial, and psychological burden for the individual, family, and country. Diet has been shown to have a vital role in boosting one's immunity. Non vegetarian diet is traditionally considered to be immunity boosting as it is rich in protein, vitamins, and micronutrients. Aims and objective: To study the effect of dietary pattern on duration of hospital stay in patients with respiratory Covid illness Material and Methods: This was a double blind retrospective cohort study comprising of 113 patients tested positive in RTPCR for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted at DCH located at super specialty hospital of Jayarogya Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, was studied retrospectively between July 2020 to October 2020. Patients were divided based on diet pattern into Group A (patients following a vegetarian diet;n=70) and Group B (patients following a non-vegetarian diet;n=43). The outcome was measured as the duration of hospital stay and comparison of diet type, age, and gender of patients. All these patients were discharge stable and case files of deaths were excluded. Non vegetarian diet was defined as inclusion of eggs, meet, fish in the routine diet whereas a vegetarian diet was exclusion of these items. Result: Out of 113 patients, most (61.94%) had a vegetarian diet, whereas 43 (38.06%) had a non-vegetarian diet. Duration of hospital stay was more in patients in Group A (10.71±5.5 days) than Group B (8.4± 4.7 days), p=0.0302. Hospital stay was longer (11.05 days) in older patients (>50 years) compared to younger patients (≤50 years) (9.2 days) (table 3). In Group A, hospital stay was longer in those with age >50 years (11.4 days) compared to those with age ≤50 (9.2 days). On the contrary, older patients had shorter hospital lengths (9.9 days) than younger patients (10.09 days) in Group B (p value =). Conclusion: A significantly shorter hospital stay was observed in patients of respiratory covid infection following a non-vegetarian diet with Covid-19 infection.
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Objectives: The purpose of the short study was to know the type of sterilization and disinfection procedures followed by general practicing Prosthodontists, faculty, and postgraduate students in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Material and Methods: The questionnaire was prepared in google forms and was circulated in social media to students pursuing their MDS, Faculty, and Prosthodontists who are into private practice. The questionnaire mainly included questions that were related to sterilization and disinfection for Prosthodontic procedures which was done to check the sterilization and disinfection procedures followed in clinics and college. The questionnaire was circulated using Google forms and the filled forms were obtained. Statistical analysis was done with Statistical product and service solution (SPSS) version 21 software. Results:The participants were divided into groups of 3,Group 1-consists of MDS students,Group 2-consists of clinical practitioners, and Group 3-consists of academicians.A total of 500 participants took part which includes 242 MDS students, 97 academicians, and 162Prosthodontists who are doing private practice. Conclusion: A higher percentage of responses were from post-graduate students and MDS professionals which stated that most of them use proper sterilizationa and disinfection. This study shows that there is a strong need to implement periodic educational interventions and training programs on infection control practices for COVID-19 across dental care professionals.This study was done to find out what are the sterilization and disinfection protocols followed by Prosthodontists in their clinics and instititutions.
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Objectives: To evaluate the obstetrics outcome in terms of maternal mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected pregnant women in both the waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Design, settings, and participants: This is a prospective cohort study of obstetrics outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women in both the waves of COVID-19 pandemic from 1 April 2020 to 30 May 2021 at Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences with wide spread access to SARS-CoV-2 testing in outpatients, emergency department, and inpatient settings. Result: The primary outcome composed of maternal mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infected females during both waves of COVID-19 pandemic. Study shows that the second wave was more intense and fatal as compared to the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India with higher maternal mortality rate in the second wave than the first wave. Study also showed that an overall higher mortality with cesarean section was noted. Thus, our study concluded that the cesarean section is not the preferred mode of delivery in COVID-19 females suffering from respiratory distress. Conclusion: Our study concluded that cesarean section is not the preferred mode of delivery in COVID-19 with females suffering from respiratory distress. The SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was associated with adverse maternal outcomes post-delivery.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control activities are implemented in the country for more than 50 years. The countrywide lockdown in 2020 adversely impacted routine health-care services including those for the management of TB. Operational research is needed to know whether Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) (National Tuberculosis Elimination Program) is heading in the right direction as far as the pace and quality of implementation of the program are concerned. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the strength, weaknesses, and opportunities of RNTCP. An analysis of RNTCP was done to identify competencies and gaps. Materials and Methods: The present retroprospective and observational study was carried out at the RNTCP facility of a Government Medical College in the Central India in Madhya Pradesh during the year 2019–20. Samples of 238 patients registered under RNTCP for anti-tubercular treatment were taken in the study. Data were collected using a structured schedule from the RNTCP center and tabulated in a Microsoft Excel sheet, to assess the compliance of RNTCP norms in the management of TB. Results: The most commonly affected age was 16–49 years and the male: female ratio was 3:2. The most common basis of diagnosis was microbiological (60.92%). Follow-up sputum testing was done on time in 64.71% of patients. Adherence to anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) was regular in 78.57% of patients. All patients were telephoned while 43.14% of patients were home visited as a default action. After default action, 35.29% of patients return to regular ATT. Out of all registered patients initiated on ATT, 81.09% were treatment success, while 7.14% lost to follow-up, 2.1% became defaulters, and 4.62% patients died. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment success of TB unit was near the RNTCP norm of 85% which is below the national 88%. The probable reasons for the higher default rate and loss to follow-up rate during the study period could be the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control activities are implemented in the country for more than 50 years. The countrywide lockdown in 2020 adversely impacted routine health-care services including those for the management of TB. Operational research is needed to know whether Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) (National Tuberculosis Elimination Program) is heading in the right direction as far as the pace and quality of implementation of the program are concerned. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the strength, weaknesses, and opportunities of RNTCP. An analysis of RNTCP was done to identify competencies and gaps. Materials and Methods: The present retroprospective and observational study was carried out at the RNTCP facility of a Government Medical College in the Central India in Madhya Pradesh during the year 2019–20. Samples of 238 patients registered under RNTCP for anti-tubercular treatment were taken in the study. Data were collected using a structured schedule from the RNTCP center and tabulated in a Microsoft Excel sheet, to assess the compliance of RNTCP norms in the management of TB. Results: The most commonly affected age was 16–49 years and the male: female ratio was 3:2. The most common basis of diagnosis was microbiological (60.92%). Follow-up sputum testing was done on time in 64.71% of patients. Adherence to anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) was regular in 78.57% of patients. All patients were telephoned while 43.14% of patients were home visited as a default action. After default action, 35.29% of patients return to regular ATT. Out of all registered patients initiated on ATT, 81.09% were treatment success, while 7.14% lost to follow-up, 2.1% became defaulters, and 4.62% patients died. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment success of TB unit was near the RNTCP norm of 85% which is below the national 88%. The probable reasons for the higher default rate and loss to follow-up rate during the study period could be the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Asian Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Manipal Colleges of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Objective: To comprehend the evolution and spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) virus and also to prevent the future spread of the same, sequencing and analyzing the genomic data of SARS CoV-2 are essential. The objective of the present study is to describe the scope of improvement identified by the state of Madhya Pradesh in the data flow chain and the methodology designed to address the identified shortcomings. Methods: The number of sources of sample data collection was altered as well as a series of Google Sheets were formulated as an open-source tool, to implement an efficient sample data-sharing platform. The application of the proposed tool (Google Sheets as a source of data collection and information sharing) was within the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Result: After utilizing this mechanism, the state was able to trace more than 80% VOCs and 3341 primary contacts and was also able to communicate this result to all stakeholders without much delay. Conclusion: Based on successful implementation and results, the authors suggest widening the domain of the proposed tool to other states.
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Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to devastating and unprecedented health crises especially in the vulnerable population, ever since its origin in 2019. COVID-19 management in pregnant women had been a matter of controversy before the introduction of the standard protocols by the various international bodies. A lot of concern still prevails around the adverse foeto-maternal outcomes such as preterm birth, stillbirth, increased caesarean rates, maternal morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, uncertainty about the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic had also increased anxiety among pregnant women, particularly during the first wave. Aim: To find out the knowledge and beliefs of pregnant women towards the COVID-19 infection in first wave and to know whether it had increased anxiety among non infected pregnant women before the advent of the COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the 280 asymptomatic pregnant women attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, over four months (10th October 2020 to 10th February 2021). These women were provided with a questionnaire and a Generalised Anxiety Disorder Score-7 (GAD-7) chart. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson Chi-square analyses with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The total number of participants were 280. Majority of them were in their 20s and were primigravida. The mean GAD-7 score for the study population was 4.642 and the overall prevalence of anxiety in this study was 34.3% (n=96). GAD-7 score chart showed 65.7% (n=184) had 0-4 levels (minimal) while severe scores ≥15 were noted in 2.9% (n=8). In the current study, greater anxiety scores were found in the homemakers. A high prevalence of anxiety was seen in primigravida and during the third trimester. About 37.5% of the participants believed that COVID-19 could transmit to the foetus-in-utero, if infected and 50.36% felt being pregnant could increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that pregnant women showed a lot of concerns and significant anxiety due to COVID-19 during the study period.
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An epidemiological study was conducted for investigation of bovine coronavirus by antigen Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in dairy calves from Central India (Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states) and North India (Uttar Pradesh state). Different epidemiological parameters like age, parity, colour and consistency of faecal materials and seasonal changes in a year were recorded. A total of 816 faecal samples were screened and out of which 7 (0.85%) animals were found to be positive for bovine coronavirus. The higher prevalence was recorded in north India followed by central India. Age wise higher prevalence was recorded below 2 month calves. Seasonally, the prevalence of coronavirus infection was higher in monsoon season and in first parity of calves as compared to other season and parity. Prevalence of coronavirus infection was higher in watery diarrhoea faecal materials than pasty yellow colour diarrhoea. The observations of the present study would provide the basis for further an effective explorative surveillance and epidemiological studies to know the real impact of coronavirus infection with associated risk factors in dairy calves of India.
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Background:Today the whole world is facing the outbreak of Covid-19 disease. People were forced to remain imprisoned in their home, be it a service class, farmer, businessman or student. Due to Covid-19 Pandemic era, schools and colleges are closed. Every student is feeling stressed and waiting for permanent treatment of this disease so that the conditionsbecomes suitable and the studies shall begins in normal pace again. This study is aimed to assess the perceived stress among medical under graduate students and their methodstocopeup this stress in their own way. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational online study was done in august 2020. Participants were MBBS undergraduate Students, whose perceived stress and coping strategies related to Covid-19 era, were assessed using an online questionnaire(Cohen's PSS 10 scale) through Google forms. Total PSS Score was categorised into three parts as low, moderate and high. Coping measures were categorised separately according to their responses. Results: A total of 145 students took part in study. Mean±SD of total perceived stress score was found to be 21.703± 6.564, for male 20.61 and for female 23.21. Stress level was found more in females as compared to male participants. They used different typesof measures for coping out the perceived stress due to covid-19conditions. P-value of correlation of PSS with coping and lifestyle pattern was found to be 0 .440 and 0.011 respectively. Conclusion:This study indicates that,in all 71.03 % medical students were in moderate level of perceived stress, where 42.07% were males and 28.96% were females. They opted various measures to cope up the stress which leads to change in their lifestyle pattern. Mostly, students reported sleep cycle disturbancewhich further increased their stress level. Hence there is amuch needed demand of current time to take immediate action to reduce stress level in medical students.
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Background: Covid 19 is a newly emergent contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) - Cov-2 virus that was not found previously in human which belongs to a large family of corona virus. The severity of the disease is altered by alteration of biochemical parameters. This study aims to evaluate somehematological and biochemical parameters in Covid 19 patients admitted at dedicated Covid 19 hospital. To determines hematological and biochemical parameters in Covid 19 patients. Material and Methods: Present study comprised of 70 Covid 19 patients who admitted at dedicated Covid 19 ward during second wave. They include 22 female and 48 male subjects aged between 15 - 75 years. The data was entered in MS EXCEL spreadsheet and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.
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Background: Knowledge attitude practice study helps in improving the knowledge of the public, their awareness and promote positive message which could help in combating against Corona virus disease (COVID-19) or similar pandemic in future. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of residents and students towards COVID-19 pandemic in Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh. Material and methods: This cross-sectional survey conducted in Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, from February 2021 to March 2021. Data was collected using Google form as an online survey. A self-designed questionnaire with four parts general instructions, knowledge, attitude and practice was prepared comprising of 07 questions on knowledge, 08 for attitude, and 08 for practice. Results: Out of the 164 participants, 48.78 % males, 51.21% females, 82.31% of 18-30 years and 15% ≥31 years. 71.34% were medical students and 28.65% paramedical staffs. 98.78% had correct knowledge about the spread of COVID-19, 97.53% about use of washing hands with soap and water and hand sanitizer. 97.54% avoided crowded places, 87.80% agreed vaccination can prevent spread of COVID-19 infection. 68.71% said they have not visited crowded places, 99.38% said spread of COVID-19 was social responsibility, 95.67% were wearing masks, 75.92% said vaccination will overcome the COVID-19. 92.40% avoided unnecessary travel, 94.93% wearing mask, 94.93% showed good practice, 94.87% encouraged social distancing at office, 89.74% avoided hand shaking. Significant difference found in practice score of different genders (P<0.004). Conclusion: The present study showed that participants had higher knowledge, positive attitude and good practices regarding COVID-19.
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Increasing cases of COVID-19 have been reported in children globally. Admission frequency, though, is significantly lower than adults in COVID-19. Recent evidence suggests that children likely have the same or higher viral loads. Our study is retrospective, with the purpose to describe the clinical spectrum of this disease in children and response of treatments, along with its effect in the neonatal period. As very few cases have been encountered with severe disease, and are illustrated in this study, attempting to understand the course of severe illness.
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The objective of the article was to examine the utilization of telemedicine in the fight against COVID-19. In Madhya Pradesh, within 4 days of the establishment of telemedicine unit, more than 13700 home quarantined individuals have been successfully tele-consulted through medical officers across 51 districts and managed as per the protocols;out of these 757 individuals were connected through 104/108 ambulance services and nearly 3671 individuals are connected through district MMU/RRT units for further management. Telemedicine is of paramount importance at this unprecedented situation that humanity is facing. With the recent guidelines of telemedicine issued, it would only be prudent to commence this system and contribute to this global fight against COVID-19.
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Introduction: Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented global pandemic. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests are being used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 worldwide however mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome have generated many SARS-CoV-2 genome variants and which may affect the correct Reverse transcriptase-Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) diagnosis. Aim: To confirm and study the incidence of the non amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid gene (N gene) target among known SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out at the State Virology Laboratory, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India during January 2021 to May 2021. During the study period, a total of 159 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were failed to amplify the N gene target. To investigate the non amplification of N gene target of SARSCoV-2, a total of 20 samples were selected and retested using the initially used RT-PCR kit (VIRALDTECT RT-PCR kit) and also with the two different RT-PCR kits (TaqPath RT-PCR kit and Hi-PCR RT-PCR kit) which also contain primers/probes for the SARS-CoV-2 N gene target. Results: Amplification and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 N target gene was not observed in VIRALDTECT RT-PCR test results. In contrast, amplification was detected in the N gene target of SARS-CoV-2 while using the TaqPath and Hi-PCR kits. Obtained results confirm the failure of the annealing of VIRALDTECT kit N gene primer/probe and suggest the possible mutation event in the SARS-CoV-2 N gene among the N gene non amplified samples. Conclusion: Present study reports, the incidence of non amplification of SARS-CoV-2 N gene, where the RT-PCR kit failed to detect N gene target and seriously affect RT-PCR diagnosis. Hence, the study emphasises the revalidation of commercially available SARS-CoV-2, RT-PCR kits to identify these kinds of failure incidence.
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Aim and objective: To identify characteristics of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection in pregnancy, maternal, and fetal outcomes and study changes in inflammatory markers and chest imaging findings. Materials and methods: This study is an observational study on pregnant COVID positive women admitted for treatment in the Maharaja Tukojirao Holkar Dedicated COVID Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India from April 17, 2020, to April 30, 2021. There were two notable peaks of infection with different clinical characteristics. Group A included data from April 17, 2020, to February 28, 2021, and group B from March 1, 2021, to April 30, 2021. A detailed comparative analysis was done, comparing clinical parameters, investigational findings, and outcomes in both groups.